ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS IN MILITARY APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.22.08.2025.051Keywords:
Nanomaterials, military applications, environmental risk assessment, ecotoxicology, nano-Al₂O₃, carbon nanotubes, CuO nanoparticles, environmental security, life cycle assessment, regulatory frameworksSummary
Nanomaterials, with their unique physicochemical properties, are increasingly integrated into advanced military systems including protective coatings, fuels, explosives, and sensor technologies. While they enhance operational effectiveness, their release into the environment during production, deployment, or combat poses complex ecological risks. This paper examines environmental pathways of nanomaterials in air, soil, and water under military conditions, highlighting their transformation processes, bioaccumulation potential, and ecotoxicological effects. Methodological approaches to environmental risk assessment (ERA) are reviewed with emphasis on the inadequacy of conventional chemical frameworks in conflict zones. Case studies demonstrate the dissemination of nano-Al₂O₃, CuO nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes, underscoring their long-term environmental persistence. The article further analyzes international regulatory frameworks (OECD, REACH, ISO, TSCA) and their applicability to dual-use materials. Future perspectives stress the need for life cycle assessment, field-adapted monitoring tools, and international cooperation to ensure a balance between military innovation and ecological security.
Downloads
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rzayev Shanlik Kamalpasha, Hashimov Elshan Giyas
References
Akhundov, E.F., et al. (2023) Increasing efficiency of operation of shut-off valves in pipelines // The 19th International Conference on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering” (ICTPE-2023), p.138-142.
Agayev, S.O., et al. (2016). Modern pedagogical technologies in military education. Textbook. Part I. Baku: Military Publishing House.
Babayev, S.M. et al. (2024) The impact of new technologies on the progress of military art. İn Problems of informatization. Vol.2. p.9-10
Bayramov, A.A. (2019). Development of UAV SoS flight combat reconnaissance mission program. Advanced Information Systems, 3(1), 152-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2019.1.25
Bayramov, A.A. et al. (2018, April). The supervisory control systems deployment in mountainous terrain. In VIII Int. Conf.“Modern development trends of ICT and control methods (pp. 3-4).
Bayramov, A. A., et al. (2018). SMART control system of systems for dynamic objects group. Bulgarska Voenna Misal.–2018.
Gasanov, A.G. et al. (2017). Mathematical modeling of the electron structure of SiO2 nanoparticle. Fizika, 23(1), 34-39.
Garayev, M.F. et al. (2024). Application of composite materials for military purposes. In Problems of informatization. Proceedings of 12-th International Scientific and Technical Conference (Vol. 3, p. 25).
Garayev, M. F. et al. (2025). Analysis of shear stress resistance and abrasive wear in surface layers of materials for military use. İn Current directions of development of information and communication technologies and control tools. Volume 4: sections 6. p.55
Garayev, M. F., & Hashimov, E. G. (2024). About one electrical compound as a source of energy. In Problems of informatization. Proceedings of 12-th International Scientific and Technical Conference (Vol. 3, p. 117).
Hashimov, E. G., & Bayramov, A. A. (2017). Application of GIS and seismic location method for detection of invisible military objects. Monograph/- Baku: Military Publishing House, 2017, 246 p.
Huseynov, B. S., et al. (2023). Characteristics of UAVs application during the second Karabakh war. İn Problems of informatization. Vol. 3. -p.10-11.
Hashimov, E., et al. (2017). GIS technology and terrain orthophotomap making for military application. Journal of Defense Resources Management, 8(2), 81-90.
Hashimov, E. G., et al. (2015). Operative detection of ground enemy objects. Herbi Bilik, (1), 33-47.
Hasanov, A. H. et al. (2023). Comparative analysis of the efficiency of various energy storages. Advanced Information Systems, 7(3), 74-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2023.3.11
Hashimov, E., et al. (2023). Mathematical aspects of determining the motion parameters of a target by UAV. Advanced Information Systems, 7(1), 18-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2023.1.03
Khudeynatov, E.K. (2023, November). V-model for Air Defense Systems. In Modeling, Control and Information Technologie (No. 6, pp. 46-49). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31713/MCIT.2023.011
İmrani, Z. T., et al. (2018). Economic and social conditions of frontline area population of the Goranboy district and perspective progress directions. National Security and Military Sciences, 4(4).
Ibrahimov, B., et al. (2024). Research and analysis of efficiency indicators of critical infrastructures in the communication system. Advanced Information Systems, 8(2), 58-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2024.2.07
Ismayilov N. E. et al. (2025) Ensuring the integrity and safety of pipeline infrastructure. İn Current directions of development of information and communication technologies and control tools. Т. 4. -С. 41.
Muradov, S.A. et al (2023, November). Determining the location of the UAV equipped with a homing device based on radio beacons. In Modeling, Control and Information Technologies: Proceedings of International scientific and practical conference (No. 6, pp. 54-56). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31713/MCIT.2023.013
Suleymanov J. F. et al. (2025) Modern approaches to technical safety in oil and gas pipelines. İn Current directions of development of information and communication technologies and control tools. Т. 4. -С. 40.
Piriyev, H. K., et al. (2014). Some issues of pedagogical staff training for special-purpose higher education institutions. Military knowledge, (4), 3-9.
Talibov, A.M., et al. (2024). Estimation of transport costs in the process of military logistics. İn Problems of informatization. Vol. 3. p.140-141
Talibov, A. (2025). Efficiency indicators of military vehicle freight transportation. Матеріали конференцій МЦНД, (30.05.2025; Київ, Україна), 444–453. https://doi.org/10.62731/mcnd-30.05.2025.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62731/mcnd-30.05.2025.013
Talibov A.M., Hashimov E.G., Akhundov R.G. (2024) Environmental safety of nanomaterials application. İn Problems of informatization. Proceedings of 12-th International Scientific and Technical Conference. Vol. 3. p.55-56.
Talibov, A. M., et al. (2023). On the optimal placement of logistics centers. Baku: Informatics and Control Problems, (43), 51-58.
Talibov, A. M., & Hashimov, E. G. (2024). Vehicle transport cost calculation method. İn Current directions of development of information and communication technologies and control tools. (Vol. 2, pp. 3-6).
Talibov, A., et al. (2023, May). Optimal placement of logistics centers in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2nd International Conference on Problems of Logistics, Management and Operation in The East-West Transport Corridor (PLMO 2023). Baku (pp. 24-26).
Zulfugarov, B. et al. (2023, November). Comparative analysis of the efficiency of various energy storages. In Modeling, Control and Information Technologies: Proceedings of International scientific and practical conference (No. 6, pp. 42-45). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31713/MCIT.2023.010
Мустафаев, И. И., & Ахундов, Р. Г. (2019). Коксование углеродистых материалов под воздействием ионизирующего излучения. Вестник Международной академии наук экологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности, 24(4), 37-44.
Axundov, R. Q. (2023). Pilotsuz uçuş aparatlarinin radiasiya və kimyəvi kəşfiyyatda tətbiqi. Bakı: Hərbi bilik, (2), 23-31.
Ахундов, Р. Г. (2019). Получение углеродных адсорбентов для противогазов радиационо-химическим методом. Кемерово: Точная наука, (64), 14-18.
Axundov, R. Q. (2023). Azərbaycan Ordusunda radiasiya, kimyəvə bioloji mühafizənin inkişaf problemləri və onlarin həlli yollari. Hərb sənətinin aktual problemləri” beynəlxalq elmi-praktik konfransın materialları,–Bakı: MMU, 137-138.
Akhundov, R. G., & Mustafayev, I. I. (2020). Radiation-initiated processes of activation of charcoal. Journal of Radiation Researches, 7(1), 27-34.
Ахундов, Р. Г. О. (2019). Cорбционные и структурные характеристики углеродных адсорбентов. Вестник науки и образования, (22-1 (76)), 22-27.
Axundov, R. Q. (2023). Dərinin fərdi qoruyucu vasitələrinin tətbiqi və inkişaf perspektivləri. Bakı: Milli təhlükəsizlik və hərbi elmlər, (4), 9.
Akhundov, R. (2024). Environmental Warfare–Modern Global Challenge. In Modeling, Control and Information Technologies: Proceedings of International scientific and practical conference (No. 7, pp. 332-335). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31713/MCIT.2024.103
Akhundov, R. (2017). Radiation-thermal activation of coal for water purification. In Ecological and environmental chemistry (pp. 141-141).
Axundov, R. Q. (2024). Xüsusi təyinatlı bölmələrin icra etdiyi əməliyyatlar və onların tətbiqinin prinsip və xüsusiyətləri. Müasir radiotexniki silahlar” respublika elmi-praktik konfransın materialları–Bakı: MMU HETİ, 39-42.
Akhundov, R. (2024). The Environmental Consequences of Military Activity. In 20 години България в НАТО и НАТО в България (pp. 410-422). Военна академия „Г. C Раковски".
Ахундов, Р. Г., Ахмедова, А. Г., Даньялов, Ш. Д., & Мустафаев, И. И. (2020). Радиационно-стимулированные процессы получения активного угля. Санкт-Петербург, 25(1), 47.
Akhundov, R. (2024, April 25–26). Basics of Special Forces Operations Planning. In Current Directions of Development of Information and Communication Technologies and Control Tools: Abstracts of the Fourteenth International Scientific and Technical Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 12–13). Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Akhundov, R., & Nabizadə, Z. (2017, December). Production of high-efficiency carbon adsorbents for gas masks by radiation-chemical method. In Natural disasters and human life safety” International scientific-technical Conference. Baku, Azerbaijan (pp. 113-114).
Mustafayev, I. I., & Akhundov, R. G. (2019). The formation of carbon adsorbent at the influence of radiation to the carboneus substances. Warsaw, Poland: East European Scientific Journal, (12), 52.
Ахундов, Р. Г. (2019). Модифицирование радиационо-термическим методом углеродных сорбентов и их применение в гемосорбции. Москва: Евразийский союз ученых, (11), 68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31618/ESU.2413-9335.2019.6.68.458
Axundov, R. Q. (2017). Karbon adsorbentlərinin xüsusiyyətlərinin tədqiqi. Milli təhlükəsizlik və hərbi elmlər, 1(3), 129-135.
Akhundov, R. (2024). The environmental impact of military activities. ResearchGet.
Akhundov, R., & Sh, D. (2019, November). The use of modified activated coal in sorption of carbon-monoxide. In Materials of the international scientific-practical conference “Radiation and chemical safety problems”,–Baku (pp. 161-162).
Ахундов, Р. Г. О. (2019). Построение экспериментальных изотерм адсорбции образцами угленаполненного химзащитного субстрата. Наука, техника и образование, (10 (63)), 16-20.
Akhundov, R., & Hashimov, E. (2025). Radiation and chemical protection as a strategic priority of environmental security in the military sphere. Матеріали конференцій МЦНД, (16.05. 2025; Миколаїв, Україна), 202-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62731/mcnd-16.05.2025.005
Akhundov, R., & Hashimov, E. (2025). Military activity and the environment: The need for a systemic approach to radiological and chemical safety. Матеріали конференцій МЦНД, (16.05. 2025; Миколаїв, Україна), 187-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62731/mcnd-16.05.2025.004
Islamov, I., Akhundov, R., Dimitrov, D., & Panevski, V. (2025). Modeling of a Circular Disk Monopole Antenna Fed from a Microwave Broadband Coplanar Waveguide. Advanced Physical Research, 7(2), 184-195. https://doi.org/10.62476/apr.72184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62476/apr.72184
Axundov, R. Q. (2022). Radiasiya və kimyəvi təhdidlərdən mühafizənin vəziyyəti və inkişaf perspektivləri. Bakı: Milli təhlükəsizlik və hərbi elmlər, (3), 8.
Axundov, R. Q., Abıyev, Q. A., & Nabizadə, Z. Radiasiyanın aktiv kömürlərin mexaniki möhkəmliyinə təsiri. Tibb elmləri doktoru Əzəm Təyyar oğlu Ağayevin anadan olmasının, 75, 14-17.
Akhundov, R. (2024, April 25–26). Military conflicts and environmental safety. In Current Directions of Development of Information and Communication Technologies and Control Tools: Abstracts of the Fourteenth International Scientific and Technical Conference (Vol. 2, pp. 89–90). Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Axundov, R. Q. (2023). Radiasiya, kimyəvi və bioloji mühafizə sisteminin təkmilləşdirilmə istiqamətləri. Müdafiə sənayesi üzrə ixtisaslı kadr hazırlığı: radioelektron, aerokosmik sistemlər və robotlar” mövzusunda II Respublika elmi-texniki konfransın materialları, –Bakı: AzTU, 89-92.
Akhundov, R. G., & Ibadov, P. (2023). Problematic issues and prospects for the development of airborne radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance systems. Baku: National security and military sciences, - 2023.-1 (9). – p, 38-46.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
