CRITERION VALIDATION OF THE “ISLAND” PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH WAR-RELATED ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.20.03.2026.097Keywords:
children, emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, projective technique, adjustment disorders, traumatic eventsSummary
This article presents the results of a validation study of the original "Island" projective drawing technique, designed for work with children and adolescents who have experienced traumatic war events resulting in adjustment disorders. The "Island" technique serves as a rapid yet sensitive tool that combines a projective approach with trauma-focused logic. It enables not only identification of distress levels but also description of psychological processes, detection of maladaptation zones, and identification of available resources. The technique is suitable for group and individual work, requires no complex conditions, and does not elicit resistance in children. The drawing serves as a metaphorical key to the child's inner world and a practical instruction for professionals, helping to identify maladaptation zones and resources and chart an optimal pathway for psycho-emotional support.
Evaluation of "Island" drawings was conducted by a team of psychologists according to cluster criteria, after which results were compared with SDQ and CRIES-8 questionnaire data to determine the degree of concordance. SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) assesses emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, peer relationship difficulties, and prosocial behavior. CRIES-8 identifies PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, anxiety. Interviews with psychologists were conducted for qualitative verification and clarification.
Downloads
Downloads
References
Ayalon, O. (2017). Resilience and Coping with Trauma: The BASIC Ph Model. Kiryat Shmona: Nord Publishers.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). 5th Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Casey, P., & Doherty, A. (2012). Adjustment disorder: implications for ICD-11 and DSM 5. British Journal of Psychiatry, 201(2), 90–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.110494
Lahad, M. (1993). Coping and Resilience: The BASIC Ph Model of Coping and Its Application in Psychotrauma. Community Stress Prevention Centre, Kiryat Shmona.
Maercker, A., Einsle, F., & Kollner, V. (2007). Adjustment disorders as stress response syndromes: a new diagnostic concept in ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 6(3), 139–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000099290
van der Kolk, B. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. New York: Viking.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11): Adjustment Disorder (6B43). Geneva: WHO.
UNICEF. (2022). The Impact of War on Children's Mental Health. New York: UNICEF.
Tedeschi, R.G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Taku, K., & Calhoun, L.G. (2018). Posttraumatic Growth: Theory, Research, and Applications (1st ed.). Routledge. 264p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315527451
Taku, K., Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A. (2015). Relationships of posttraumatic growth and stress responses in bereaved young adults. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20, 56–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2013.824306
Solomon, Z., Dekel, R. (2007). Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among Israeli ex-pows. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(7), 303-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20216
Shakespeare-Finch, J., Lurie-Beck, J. (2014). A meta-analytic clarification of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic distress disorder. Journal of Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 27(6), 576-589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.005
Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 11−21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e
Lahad, M., Shacham, M., Ayalon, O. (2013). The "BASIC PH" Model of Coping and Resiliency - Theory, Research and Cross-Cultural Application. London.
Copeland WE, Keeler G, Angold A, Costello EJ. (2007). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64, 577–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.577
Lewis SJ, Arseneault L, Caspi A, Fisher HL, Matthews T, Moffitt TE, et al. (2019). The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales. Lancet Psychiatry, 6, 247–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30031-8
Alisic E, van der Schoot TA, van Ginkel JR, Kleber RJ. (2008). Trauma exposure in primary school children: who is at risk? J Child Adolesc Trauma, 1, 263–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19361520802279075
Luoni C, Agosti M, Crugnola S, Rossi G, Termine C. (2018). Psychopathology, dissociation and somatic symptoms in adolescents who were exposed to traumatic experiences. Front Psychol, 9, 391984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02390
Norton PJ, Barrera TL, Mathew AR, Chamberlain LD, Szafranski DD, Reddy R, et al. (2023). Effect of transdiagnostic CBT for anxiety disorders on comorbid diagnoses. Depress Anxiety, 30, 168–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22018
Portzky G, Audenaert K, van Heeringen K. (2005). Adjustment disorder and the course of the suicidal process in adolescents. J Affect Disord, 87, 65–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.04.009
Casey PR. (2018). Adjustment Disorders: From Controversy to Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.001.0001
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories